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下一个已解决问题麻烦英语高手给翻译一下下面的论文摘要,急急急!
摘 要*
平原灌区水闸闸下冲刷破坏严重且普遍存在。冲刷破坏位置绝大多数发生在消力池下游海漫及防冲槽处。冲刷破坏原因很多,当消力池设计合理,闸下出流消能充分的情况下,海漫末端仍会产生冲坑,其产生的原因除还有剩余的应消未消的动能外,主要是由于断面流速未恢复常态,近底流速偏大所致。经研究观测发现,海漫未充分发挥进一步消除余能,调整断面流速分布以降低海漫近底流速是其一大原因。本文在对海漫加糙已有研究的基础上,针对八排糙体等间距梅花状均匀布置展开研究,在已有的条件下进行恒定流动床模型试验。试验根据已有的研究成果及试验过程中出现的现象,设计了四种方案,进行了两个流量的模型试验。
在对各方案进行大流量试验时,发现各方案均较未加糙减小冲刷60%-70%,比较各方案选出方案4为优选方案,海漫缩短约37.5%的工程量。随下游水位的降低,所需消力池深增加,未加糙情况出现远驱式水跃,而加糙后出现淹没式水跃,水位雍高值稍大于所需增加的消力池深值;且加糙后对池长影响不大。所以池深、池长建议按照原未加糙设计方法设计,均偏于安全。海漫长度设计建议无尾坎消力池按Lp=9.5D(D为轮胎直径)计算,有尾坎消力池再增加0.5m坎的宽度。
为模拟非恒定流试验,对方案1和4进行了小流量试验,结果发现出现了预料的下游低水位缩水攻沙的冲刷现象。有利的是随下游水的降低,冲刷并没有再加剧。由于试验条件及时间所限,试验均以恒定流近似模拟非恒定流,所得结论还有待实际工程试验验证。
关键词:海漫;糙体;布置形式;防冲;近底流速;断面流速
最佳答案 - 由投票者2008-06-11 21:14:34选出
The positions under scouring sluice of irrigate area in the plain were seriously destroyed, and that is very common. The most of destroyed positions had been found in artificial bed (seabed or riverbed) and the position of scouring force prevented slot by lower reaches. The breakages were caused by various reasons. Even if buffering water space was reasonable designed, the energy could be enough eliminated when current flow got through the sluice, still it can come into being puddles at end of artificial bed. Apart from remained kinetic energy that should be but it is not eliminated, the main reason is that the section current velocity has not returned back to normal, the current of underneath part close to bed has kept its velocity higher than other parts.
It was found in study and research that artificial bed did not play a roll of further eliminating energy remained efficiently. One of the key reasons lies on adjustment of distribution on section current velocity to lower current velocity of underneath part close to bed.
The thesis is based on some of study results of artificial bed project with flexible buffering technique, set study to aim at eight rows of buffering space with shape of plum bossom (club) laying in equidistance, and a model test in the bed by invariableness current was put up under the available test conditions. According to the production of science research and phenomena happened in test procedure, the four procedures had been schemed out and the two kinds of model tests on water current flow have been made.
When testing on mass water current flow by each procedure above, It was found that scouring force were decreased by 60~70% compared with every procedure before the buffering technique adopted. The fourth procedure was extracted as an optimal one after contrast, with which, the project capacity of artificial bed can be deducted around 37.5%. Along with water lever by lower reaches descended and required depth of buffering water space increased, a sort of water spring with a form of far-forth driving occurred before the buffering technique adopted, but another kind of water spring with a form of submergence come out under condition of project rebuilt by buffering technique, the value of rising water level was measured a little higher than required depth value of buffering water space, and it’s a little impact to the length of buffering water space after the project rebuilt.
Therefore, suggestion is that length and depth of buffering water space would be designed as original one as it's before the buffering technique adopted, those are all laying a particular stress on safe. And a proposal is that the length of artificial bed should be calculated according to LP=9.5D ( D = diameter of tyre) with buffering water space without the end of the ridge in artificial bed project. And it should be added another 0.5m on width of the ridge, if buffering water space requires its end of the ridge in artificial bed rebuilt project.
In order to make a simulative test of invariableness current, tests were made on a small current flow by the first and the fourth procedures, the result was found as expected that water shrinking effect and phenomenon of bare sand happened at low water level by lower reaches. Along with water level by lower reaches descended, what the favorable is that scouring situation has not become more serious continuously.
Because test conditions and test time are both in limited, the tests have been made by invariableness current under condition with a similar model of variableness current instead, so all of the conclusions are required for further inspection and certification in actual project practice.
这篇文章写的非常好!所有的词意都寓意于文章中,是一个典型的教材。
对于我们不懂水利专业的人来说,很难理解。因此,首先要理解文章。
例如,海漫,文章中给的条件是:它告知海漫工程量可以缩短,说明它是项人造工程;又说到,海漫的功能是消除余能,讲明其用途;还有一个条件是,通过海漫长度的建议,从而描绘出海漫的形态主要是消力池。
至于消力池的翻译,原来译成“静水池”有一些勉强。后根据文章内容将
消力池改译成scouring force prevented slot ,和“阻力池resistance slot”却与防冲槽一词相同,再分析后,将消力池一词译为“buffering water space”取其缓冲区域之意(buffering pool 在英文中是一个固定搭配表示缓冲储存)。消力池也是本文的关键词。
此篇文章属于科技文献类. 在语法方面,采用it引导句和被动语态较多,很少采用人称代词;另外,要留意的是假设和建议时的虚拟语气句型。
在词汇方面,此文章涉及到许多专业词汇和一些容易被忽视的句型,使文章具相当的难度,不经意,就会错翻漏译。学以致用,为了让复杂的译文简明易懂,便于理解,现将译文所需要的词汇和短语及句型综合列表如下,供阅读分析时参考。
冲沙闸 scouring sluice
灌溉区 irrigate area
非常普遍 very common
海漫 artificial bed (seabed or river bed)
防冲槽 souring sluice prevented slot
设计合理 reasonable designed
通过 get through
充分消除 enough eliminated
形成、产生 come into being
坑 puddle
应做未做 it should be but it did not
断面流速 section current velocity
流速偏大 current has kept its velocity higher.
余能 remained energy
近底流速 current velocity of underneath part close to bed
动能 kinetic energy
未进一步发挥 didn’t play a roll of further···。
充分地 efficiently
缓冲技术 buffering technique
在于 lie on
消力池 buffering water space
等距离布置laying in equidistance
恒定流动床 invariableness current bed
phenomenon 现象(复)phenomena
已有条件 under the available conditions.
进行 put up
研究成果 production of science research
冲力 scouring force
工程量 project capacity
水位 water level
远驱式 a form of far-forth driving
水跃 water spring
淹没式 a form of submergence
出现 come out
水位雍高值 value of rising water level
影响很小 a little impact
所需水深值 required depth value of water
梅花 plum blossom ( club)
无尾坎 without the end of ridge
偏于安全 laying a particular stress on safe
小流量 a small water current flow
预料中 as expected
缩水 shrinkage
攻沙 bare sand
有利 favorable
沿着 along with
近似模拟 similar model
非恒定流 variableness current
替代 instead
数值 (numerical) value
针对 aim to
糙体 buffering space
加糙 rebuilt by buffering technique
未加糙 before buffering technique adopted
未再加剧 has not become more serious continuously
水平有限,错误难免。希望专业人士给予指正!

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